Atmospheric refraction is considered in measuring the position of both celestial and terrestrial objects.Īstronomical or celestial refraction causes astronomical objects to appear higher above the horizon than they actually are. The term also applies to the refraction of sound. Turbulent air can make distant objects appear to twinkle or shimmer. Such refraction can also raise or lower, or stretch or shorten, the images of distant objects without involving mirages. Atmospheric refraction near the ground produces mirages. This refraction is due to the velocity of light through air decreasing (the refractive index increases) with increased density. Deviation of light as it moves through the atmosphere Diagram showing displacement of the Sun's image at sunrise and sunsetĪtmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height.
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